2019年成人学位英语英汉互译专项复习资料(三)

　　1.As you are students of English.it’s very possible that you’ll be interested in England.That’s where the language was first spoken.But England is often called by other names.This often confuses people and l wonder if you know what these names mean.So，now l would like to tell you about this matter of names.I believe that you have heard people use the names England，Britain or Great Britain.Let’s see what each of these names means.If you look at a map of Europe，you’ll see a group of islands one larger island off the northwest coast，one smaller and many tiny ones.

　　These make up what is called the British Isles.The largest island of the British Isles is Britain.It is also called Great Britain.The smaller island is Ireland.

　　答案：如果你是学英语的学生，你可能会对英国感兴趣，因为它是英语的发源地。但是英国通常也被叫成其他的名字，这往往会使人感到迷惑。不知你是否知道这些名字的意思。所以，现在我来告诉你关于这些名字的事情。我相信你听到过人们使用这样的名字——英格兰、不列颠或大不列颠。咱们看看这些名字都是什么意思。如果你看一下欧洲地图，你就会看到一群岛屿——西北海岸附近的一个大点儿的岛屿，一个小点儿的岛屿和许多微型岛屿。这些岛屿构成了所谓的不列颠群岛。其中最大的岛是英国不列颠群岛，也被称为大不列颠，较小的岛屿是爱尔兰。

　　2.In some periods of history，a person who stole salt was thought to have broken the law.Take the eighteenth century for an example，if a person was caught stealing salt，he would be thrown into prison.History also records that only in England about ten thousand people were put into prison during the 18th century for stealing salt! About one hundred and fifty years ago，in the year 1553，if a man took more than his share of salt，he would be thought to have broken the law and would be seriously punished.The offender’s ear was cut off.

　　答案：在历史上一些时期，偷了盐的人被认为是犯了法。以十八世纪为例，如果一个人被抓住偷盐的话，他将会被关进监狱。历史上还记载，仅在英国，18世纪就大约有一万人因偷盐被关进了监狱。大约一百五十年钱，在1553年，如果一个人拿了多于他份额的盐，他就会被认为是违犯了法律，而且将会受到严惩。罪犯的一只耳朵会被割掉。

　　3.The friend.type parents，as the term implies，treat their children as friends. They are generous and wise.Like good friends，they discuss with their children the latest news，share their children’s interests，and listen attentively to their children’s expression of emotion，whether it is anger，fear，joy or sorrow.They have an intimate relationship with their children while adhering to their principled stand.They discuss problems with their children rather than provide ready solutions.They respect their children as their equals.

　　答案：朋友型的父母，顾名思义，对待孩子就像对待朋友一样。他们大度而又明智。他们像好朋友一样和自己的孩子讨论最近的新闻，分享孩子的乐趣，仔细倾听孩子表达出的情感--无论是愤怒、恐惧，还是欢乐或悲伤。一方面，他们与孩子亲密无间;另一方面，他们又坚持自己的原则立场。他们和孩子一起讨论问题，而不是给孩子提供现成的答案。他们尊重孩子，把孩子当作和自己地位平等的人对待。

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